Oral, Reading, and Writing

ORAL WORK

Limitations: Speaking is perhaps the most demanding skill for the teacher to teach because we do not know what the pupils want to say, we need to find the balance and to correct them if they commit any mistake.

You need to present the new language orally: When children start learning English, they obviously need to be given language before they can produce it themselves. Language has to go in before it can come out. At this initial stage, the activities will be under the control of the teacher. Here are just some of the ways you can present new language orally:

·         Though the pupils

·         Using a mascot

·         Drawings

·         Silhouettes

·         Puppets

Other suggestions:

• Pictures
• Act situations
• Real objects

Controlled practice:

• Simple questions: Do you like…? Yes or no
• Telling the time: What time is it?
• What is he/she doing?

Guided practice:

• Controlled practice
• What is the name
• Real objects
• Practice
• Chain work

READING

Reading is the shill which is easiest to keep up, and the books can open up other worlds to young children, and making reading an enjoyable activity is a very important part of the language learning experience.

There are a number of different ways to approach the introduction of reading in a foreign language.

Ø  Phonics: This aprroach is base don leters and sounds. Basically, we teach pupils the letters of the alphabet, and the combination of letters. Although phonics can become very complicated as all the pronunciation rules introduced; it is not to be recommended as the main way into Reading for those pupils who are already Reading in their ownn language.

Ø  Look and Say: This approach is based on words and phrases, and makes a lot of use of flashcards. It is usual to start by teaching everyday words which are already familiar to children. There are a lot of word recognition games which can be done at this stage, matching words and pictures, pointing to the object on the card. This approach encourages recognition of a range of words and phrases before Reading a text.

Ø  Whole sentence reading: This often means a story which children read for the first time themselves after the whole text is familiar to them. The words are not presented in isolation, but as a whole phrases or sentences.

Ø  Language experience approach: This approach to reading is based on the child’s spoken language. The teacher writes down a sentence for the child to read which is base don what the child has said.

We also have reading techniques:

ü  Reading aloud: It is a useful technique when used slightly differently either individually or in smal groups.

ü  Silent reading: It is what remains with most people for the rest of their lives.

ü  Building up confidence: You should spend more time building up confidence with the whole class about silent reading.

We also have different reading materials:

-          Reading cards

-          Introducing new books

-          Books reviews

WRITING

Writing is not always easy because you cannot make the same use of body language, intonation, tone, eye contact and all the other features which help you to convey meaning when you talk. Writing lets pupils express their personalities, many children take a long time to master the skill of writing but writing activities help to consolidate learning in the other skill areas.

Controlled writing activities and guided written activities

Writing activities are like oral activities, in general controlled activities are being done to pratice the language and concentration and can help students learn how to express themselves effectively in proper English. Controlled and guided writing activities are fundamental to teaching literacy to children adults. Unlike other forms of writing prompts or activities, controlled writing focuseson establishing grammatical patterns, sentence structure, punctuation and word order.

Some free writing activities:

-          Straight copying

-          Matching

-          Copying book

-          Dictation

Pre-writing activities: These activities are usedby teachers to develop writing in order to pupils can improve their writing skill. Pupils normally have a limited vocabulary, for this reason, the teacher preforms pre-writing ativities and pupils can get new vocbulary and ideas developing them.

Some pre-writing activities:

-          Vocabulary charts

-          Topic vocabulary

-          Dialogues

-          Description